courses offered sliding

ЁЯУЪЁЯУЪCOACHING/TUITION CENTER for ЁЯУЪState Board ЁЯУЪ| CBSE ЁЯУЪ| Engineering ЁЯУЪ| Polytechnic Subjects ЁЯУЪ| Competitive Exams (TNPSC, UPSC, RRB, SSC, BANKING)Aptitude Training CenterЁЯУЪЁЯУЪ

Saturday, May 16, 2020

Why choose ARUTHRA ACADEMY ???


Why choose ARUTHRA ACADEMY ???
Why choose ARUTHRA ACADEMY ???

Wednesday, May 06, 2020

How the braking system works???

How the braking system works

Dual-circuit braking system
A typical dual-circuit braking system in which each circuit acts on both front wheels and one rear wheel. Pressing the brake pedal forces fluid out of the master cylinder along the brake pipes to the slave cylinders at the wheels; the master cylinder has a reservoir that keeps it full.

Most modern cars have brakes on all four wheels, operated by a hydraulic system . The brakes may be disc type or drum type.

The front brakes play a greater part in stopping the car than the rear ones, because braking throws the car weight forward on to the front wheels.

Many cars therefore have disc brakes , which are generally more efficient, at the front and drum brakes at the rear.

All-disc braking systems are used on some expensive or high-performance cars, and all-drum systems on some older or smaller cars.

Brake hydraulics

A hydraulic brake circuit has fluid-filled master and slave cylinders connected by pipes.

Master and slave cylinders
The master cylinder transmits hydraulic pressure to the slave cylinder when the pedal is pressed.

When you push the brake pedal it depresses a piston in the master cylinder , forcing fluid along the pipe.

The fluid travels to slave cylinders at each wheel and fills them, forcing pistons out to apply the brakes.

Fluid pressure distributes itself evenly around the system.

The combined surface 'pushing' area of all the slave pistons is much greater than that of the piston in the master cylinder.

Consequently, the master piston has to travel several inches to move the slave pistons the fraction of an inch it takes to apply the brakes.

This arrangement allows great force to be exerted by the brakes, in the same way that a long-handled lever can easily lift a heavy object a short distance.

Most modern cars are fitted with twin hydraulic circuits, with two master cylinders in tandem, in case one should fail.

Sometimes one circuit works the front brakes and one the rear brakes; or each circuit works both front brakes and one of the rear brakes; or one circuit works all four brakes and the other the front ones only.

Under heavy braking, so much weight may come off the rear wheels that they lock, possibly causing a dangerous skid.

For this reason, the rear brakes are deliberately made less powerful than the front.

Most cars now also have a load-sensitive pressure-limiting valve . It closes when heavy braking raises hydraulic pressure to a level that might cause the rear brakes to lock, and prevents any further movement of fluid to them.

Advanced cars may even have complex anti-lock systems that sense in various ways how the car is decelerating and whether any wheels are locking.

Such systems apply and release the brakes in rapid succession to stop them locking.

Power-assisted brakes

Many cars also have power assistance to reduce the effort needed to apply the brakes.

Usually the source of power is the pressure difference between the partial vacuum in the inlet manifold and the outside air.

The servo unit that provides the assistance has a pipe connection to the inlet manifold.

A direct-acting servo is fitted between the brake pedal and the master cylinder. The pedal can work the master cylinder directly if the servo fails or if the engine is not running.

A direct-acting servo is fitted between the brake pedal and the master cylinder. The brake pedal pushes a rod that in turn pushes the master-cylinder piston.

But the brake pedal also works on a set of air valves, and there is a large rubber diaphragm connected to the master-cylinder piston.

When the brakes are off, both sides of the diaphragm are exposed to the vacuum from the manifold.

Pressing the brake pedal closes the valve linking the rear side of the diaphragm to the manifold, and opens a valve that lets in air from outside.

The higher pressure of the outside air forces the diaphragm forward to push on the master-cylinder piston, and thereby assists the braking effort.

If the pedal is then held, and pressed no further, the air valve admits no more air from outside, so the pressure on the brakes remains the same.

When the pedal is released, the space behind the diaphragm is reopened to the manifold, so the pressure drops and the diaphragm falls back.

If the vacuum fails because the engine stops, for example the brakes still work because there is a normal mechanical link between the pedal and the master cylinder. But much more force must be exerted on the brake pedal to apply them.

Some cars have an indirect-acting servo fitted in the hydraulic lines between the master cylinder and the brakes. Such a unit can be mounted anywhere in the engine compartment instead of having to be directly in front of the pedal.

It, too, relies on manifold vacuum to provide the boost. Pressing the brake pedal causes hydraulic pressure build up from the master cylinder, a valve opens and that triggers the vacuum servo.

Disc brakes

Disc brake
The basic type of disc brake, with a single pair of pistons. There may be more than one pair, or a single piston operating both pads, like a scissor mechanism, through different types of calipers - a swinging or a sliding caliper.

A disc brake has a disc that turns with the wheel. The disc is straddled by a caliper , in which there are small hydraulic pistons worked by pressure from the master cylinder.

The pistons press on friction pads that clamp against the disc from each side to slow or stop it. The pads are shaped to cover a broad sector of the disc.

There may be more than a single pair of pistons, especially in dual-circuit brakes.

The pistons move only a tiny distance to apply the brakes, and the pads barely clear the disc when the brakes are released. They have no return springs .

When the brake is applied, fluid pressure forces the pads against the disc. With the brake off, both pads barely clear the disc.

Rubber sealing rings round the pistons are designed to let the pistons slip forward gradually as the pads wear down, so that the tiny gap remains constant and the brakes do not need adjustment.

Many later cars have wear sensors leads embedded in the pads. When the pads are nearly worn out, the leads are exposed and short-circuited by the metal disc, illuminating a warning light on the instrument panel.

Drum brakes

Drum brake
A drum brake with a leading and a trailing shoe, which has only one hydraulic cylinder; brakes with two leading shoes have a cylinder for each shoe and are fitted to the front wheels on an all-drum system.

A drum brake has a hollow drum that turns with the wheel. Its open back is covered by a stationary backplate on which there are two curved shoes carrying friction linings.

The shoes are forced outwards by hydraulic pressure moving pistons in the brake's wheel cylinders , so pressing the linings against the inside of the drum to slow or stop it.

With the brakes on, the shoes are forced against the drums by their piston.

Each brake shoe has a pivot at one end and a piston at the other. A leading shoe has the piston at the leading edge relative to the direction in which the drum turns.

The rotation of the drum tends to pull the leading shoe firmly against it when it makes contact, improving the braking effect.

Some drums have twin leading shoes, each with its own hydraulic cylinder; others have one leading and one trailing shoe - with the pivot at the front.

This design allows the two shoes to be forced apart from each other by a single cylinder with a piston in each end.

It is simpler but less powerful than the two-leading-shoe system, and is usually restricted to rear brakes.

In either type, return springs pull the shoes back a short way when the brakes are released.

Shoe travel is kept as short as possible by an adjuster. Older systems have manual adjusters that need to be turned from time to time as the friction linings wear. Later brakes have automatic adjustment by means of a ratchet.

Drum brakes may fade if they are applied repeatedly within a short time - they heat up and lose their efficiency until they cool down again. Discs, with their more open construction, are much less prone to fading.

The handbrake

The handbrake mechanism
The handbrake acts on the shoes by means of a mechanical system, separate from the hydraulic cylinder, consisting of a lever and arm in the brake drum; they are operated by a cable from the handbrake lever inside the car.

Apart from the hydraulic braking system, all cars have a mechanical handbrake acting on two wheels - usually the rear ones.

The handbrake gives limited braking if the hydraulic system fails completely, but its main purpose is as a parking brake .

The handbrake lever pulls a cable or pair of cables linked to the brakes by a set of smaller levers, pulleys and guides whose details vary greatly from car to car.

A ratchet on the handbrake lever keeps the brake on once it is applied. A push button disengages the ratchet and frees the lever.

On drum brakes, the handbrake system presses the brake linings against the drums.

Difference between vapour compression system and vapour absorption system


Vapour compression systemVapour absorption system
The system has a main parts like Compressor, condenser receiver, refrigerant control device and evaporatorThe system has a main parts like generator, rectifier, condenser absorber and evaporator
The system is noisy in operationThe system is quiet in operation
The system has so many moving parts, so there is a possibility of wear and tearThe system has no moving parts and no possibility of wear and tear or sticking.
Energy supplied is mechanicalEnergy input is mainly heat
Generally steel, copper tube is used to connect the partsSteel tube is used to connect the parts
To reduce the high pressure control devices like expansion valve, front valve, capacity tube are usedTo reduce the pressure hydrogen gas is provided
The flow of gas depends upon the compressorThe flow of gas depends upon the gravity and working of the generator
This system is required to operate by prime movers like electric motor, diesel or petrol engineThis system is required to operate by heat energy like gas kerosene or electric heater.
This system is more efficient and occupies more spaceThis system is poor efficient
Charging of refrigerant is quite simpleCharging of refrigerant to the system is difficult
Energy supply is lowEnergy supply is high

Tuesday, May 05, 2020

роЗрои்род 10-роо் роЙроЩ்роХ роХிроЯ்роЯ роЗро░ுроХ்роХா? роиீроЩ்роХ ро╡ேро▒ ро▓ெро╡ро▓் рокாро╕்..! -родро▓ைрооைрок் рокрог்рокு


роТро░ு роЕро▓ுро╡ро▓роХрод்родிро▓் роОрод்родройை рокேро░் ро╡ேро▓ை роЪெроп்родாро▓ுроо் роТро░ு роХுро┤ுро╡ிро▒்роХாрой родро▓ைро╡ро░ாроХ роЗро░ுрок்рокродு роОрок்рокро╡ுрооே родройிроЪ் роЪிро▒рок்рокு родாрой். роЖройாро▓், роЕродு роЕро╡்ро╡ро│ро╡ு роОро│ிродாрой роХாро░ிропрооாроХ роЗро░ுроХ்роХாродு. роПройெройிро▓், роТро░ு роХுро┤ுро╡ை, роЕродுро╡ுроо் рооாро▒ுрокроЯ்роЯ рооройроиிро▓ைроХ் роХொрог்роЯ рокрогிропாро│ро░்роХро│ை роЪро░ிро╡ро░ роЗрогைрод்родு роЗропроХ்роХுроо் родро▓ைрооைрок் рокрог்рокு роОрой்рокродு роХூроЯுродро▓் родிро▒ройே. 

роЕро▓ுро╡ро▓роХрод்родிро▓் Target рооுроЯிроХ்роХро╡ிро▓்ро▓ைропா? роиோ… роЗрои்род 10-роо் роЙроЩ்роХ роХிроЯ்роЯ роЗро░ுроХ்роХா? роиீроЩ்роХ ро╡ேро▒ ро▓ெро╡ро▓் рокாро╕்..!   

роЕро▓ுро╡ро▓роХ роЪூро┤ро▓ிро▓் роХூроЯ்роЯрод்родிро▓் роТро░ுро╡ро░ாроХ роЗро░ுрои்родு родройிропே родро▓ைро╡ро░ாроХ роЙро░ுро╡ெроЯுроХ்роХ роЪிро▒рои்род 10 ро╡ро┤ிрооுро▒ைроХро│் роЗродோ. 


роЪுроп роородீрок்рокீроЯு! 

роЙроЩ்роХро│ுроХ்роХாрой родройி роородிрок்рокீроЯ்роЯை роиீроЩ்роХро│ே ро╡роХுрод்родுроХ் роХொро│்ро│ுроЩ்роХро│். роОрок்рокோродுроо் роТро░ு роЗро▓роХ்роХை роиிро░்рогропிрод்родு роЕродройை роЪெропро▓்рокроЯுрод்родிроХ் роХாроЯ்роЯுроЩ்роХро│். роХுро▒ிрок்рокாроХ, роЙроЩ்роХро│родு рооேро▓ாро│ро░் роЙроЩ்роХро│ுроХ்роХு роОрой роиிро░்рогропிрод்родுро│்ро│ роЗро▓роХ்роХை ро╡ிроЯ роХூроЯுродро▓ாроХ роЕрооைрод்родு роЪெропро▓்рокроЯுроЩ்роХро│். роЙроЩ்роХро│родு роХுро┤ுро╡ைропுроо் роЪெропро▓்рокроЯுрод்род роКроХ்роХுро╡ிропுроЩ்роХро│். роЗродройை роиீроЩ்роХро│் роЕроЯைропுроо் рокோродு роЙроЩ்роХро│் родிро▒ройுроо், роЗро▓роХ்роХுроХро│ைроХ் роХைропாро│ுроо் ро╡ிродрооுроо் роЙроЩ்роХро│родு родро▓ைрооைрок் рокрог்рокை родройிрод்родுроХ் роХாроЯ்роЯுроо்.

рокுродிроп роЙрод்родிроХро│்! 

рокிро▒ рокрогிропாро│ро░்роХро│் роЪெроп்ро╡родைрок் рокோро▓ро╡ே родொроЯро░்рои்родு роЪெроп்родு роХொрог்роЯிро░ுроХ்роХாрооро▓் роПродேройுроо் рокுродிроп родிроЯ்роЯрод்родை роЪெропро▓்рокроЯுрод்родுроЩ்роХро│். роЕрогிрод் родро▓ைро╡ро░் роОрой்рокро╡ро░் рокுродிродாроХ роПродாро╡родு роТрой்ро▒ை роЪெропро▓்рокроЯுрод்родி роЕродிро▓் родройிрод்родு роХாроЯ்роЯ ро╡ேрог்роЯுроо். роЗродைропே роЙроЩ்роХро│родு роХுро┤ுро╡ுроо் ро╡ிро░ுроо்рокுроо்.   

рооுроЯிро╡ெроЯுрок்рокродிро▓் рооுрой்ройுро░ிрооை! 

роПродேройுроо் роУро░் ро╡ிроЪропрод்родை роЪெроп்ропுроо் рооுрой் рооுроЯிро╡ெроЯுрок்рокродை рооுрой்ройுро░ிрооைропாроХ ро╡ைрод்родுроХ் роХொро│்ро│ுроЩ்роХро│். роЙроЩ்роХро│родு роЙропро░родிроХாро░ிроХ்роХாрод роХாрод்родிро░ுрок்рокродைроХ் роХாроЯ்роЯிро▓ுроо் роиீроЩ்роХро│் роОроЯுрод்род рооுроЯிро╡ை роЙропро░родிроХாро░ி роПро▒்роХுроо் ро╡роХைропிро▓் роЪெропро▓்рокроЯுрод்родுроЩ்роХро│். роТро░ு ро╡ேро▓ை роЙроЩ்роХро│родு роЙропро░் роЕродிроХாро░ி роОроЯுроХ்роХுроо் рооுроЯிро╡ு родро▒ро╡ாроХ роЗро░ுрои்родாро▓் родропроЩ்роХாрооро▓் роЕродройை родெро░ிро╡ிрод்родு ро╡ிроЯுроЩ்роХро│். роЕро▓ுро╡ро▓роХ роиிро░்ро╡ாроХрооுроо் роЗродройைрод்родாрой் ро╡ிро░ுроо்рокுроо். роЙроЩ்роХро│родு родро▓ைрооைрок் рокрог்рокைропுроо் роЗродு роКроХ்роХрод்родோроЯு роХாроЯ்роЯுроо். 

родிро▒рой் рооேроо்рокாроЯு! 

роТро░ு ро╡ேро▓ை роТродுроХ்роХிропுро│்ро│ாро░்роХро│், роЕродройை роЪிро▒рок்рокாроХ роЪெроп்родு роХொрог்роЯே роЗро░ுроХ்роХிро▒ேрой் роОрой்ро▒ு роЗро▓்ро▓ாрооро▓் роЕроЯுрод்род ро╡ேро▓ைропை роиோроХ்роХி роироХро░ுроЩ்роХро│். роЕро▓்ро▓родு роЙроЩ்роХро│родு ро╡ேро▓ைропிро▓ேропே роХூроЯுродро▓் родிро▒ройை роЗрогைропுроЩ்роХро│். рокுродிродுрокுродிродாроХ роХро▒்ро▒ுроХ் роХொрог்роЯே роЗро░ுроЩ்роХро│். роЕро╡ро▒்ро▒ை роЪроХ рокрогிропாро│ро░்роХро│ிроЯрооுроо் ро╡ெро│ிрок்рокроЯுрод்родுроЩ்роХро│். роиீроЩ்роХро│் роХро▒்ро▒ுроХ் роХொро│்ро│ро╡ிро▓்ро▓ை роОрой்ро▒ாро▓் роЙроЩ்роХро│ை ро╡ிроЯ роХро▒்ро▒ роТро░ுро╡ро░ாро▓் роиீроЩ்роХро│் рокிрой்родро│்ро│рок்рокроЯро▓ாроо் роОрой்рокродை роиிройைро╡ிро▓் роХொро│்ро│ுроЩ்роХро│். 

рокொро▒ுрок்рокுроЯрой் роЪெропро▓்рокроЯுроЩ்роХро│்! 

роОройроХ்роХுро▒ிроп ро╡ேро▓ைропை рооுроЯிрок்рокродு роороЯ்роЯுроо் родாрой் ро╡ேро▓ை роОрой்ро▒ு роЗро▓்ро▓ாрооро▓் роЙроЩ்роХро│ைроЪ் роЪுро▒்ро▒ிропுро│்ро│, роЙроЩ்роХро│родு роЕрогிропிро▓் роЙро│்ро│ рокிро▒ рокрогிропாро│ро░்роХро│ிрой் ро╡ேро▓ைропைропுроо் рооுроЯிроХ்роХ роЙродро╡ுроЩ்роХро│். роЪெроп்род ро╡ேро▓ைроХ்роХு роКродிропроо் роОрой்ро▒ு роЗро▓்ро▓ாрооро▓் роЗродு роОрой் роиிро▒ுро╡ройроо் роОрой்ро▒ рооройроиிро▓ைропை роПро▒்рокроЯுрод்родுроЩ்роХро│். роЗроЩ்роХே роПро▒்рокроЯுроо் ро▓ாрокрод்родிро▓ுроо், роиро╖்роЯрод்родிро▓ுроо் роОройроХ்роХுроо் рокроЩ்роХுрог்роЯு роОрой роЙрогро░்рои்родாро▓் роороЯ்роЯுрооே роТро░ு роЕро▓ுро╡ро▓роХрод்родை ро╡ропро░்роЪ்роЪிропை роиோроХ்роХிроироХро░்род்род рооுроЯிропுроо். 

роХро▒்ро▒ுроХ்роХொро│்ро│ுроЩ்роХро│்! 

роЕрой்ро▒ாроЯроо் роЕро▓ுро╡ро▓роХрод்родிро▒்роХுроЪ் роЪெро▓்роХிро▒ேрой், рокрогி рооுроЯிрои்родро╡ுроЯрой் ро╡ீроЯு родிро░ுроо்рокுроХிро▒ேрой் роОрой்ро▒ு роЗро▓்ро▓ாрооро▓் ро╡ேро▓ை роиேро░род்родிро▓ேропே рокுродிродு рокுродிродாрой ро╡ிроЪропроЩ்роХро│ைроХ் роХро▒்ро▒ுроХ்роХொро│்ро│ுроЩ்роХро│். роЙроЩ்роХро│родு рокрогிроХ்роХு родொроЯро░்рокுроЯைроп роЕро▓்ро▓родு роЕро▓ுро╡ро▓роХрод்родிро▓் рокрогிропாро▒்ро▒ுроо் ро╡ேро▒்ро▒ு родுро▒ைропிройро░், ро╡ேро▒ு роХுро┤ு роЙро▒ுрок்рокிройро░்роХро│ிроЯрооுроо் роироЯ்рокுроЯрой் рокро┤роХுроЩ்роХро│். роЕро╡ро░்роХро│родு рокрогி роХுро▒ிрод்родுроо் роХро▒்ро▒ுроХ் роХொро│்ро│ுроЩ்роХро│். 

родொроЯро░்рои்родு роЪெропро▓்рокроЯுроЩ்роХро│்! 

роЙроЩ்роХро│ுроХ்роХு роОрой роТродுроХ்роХрок்рокроЯ்роЯ роЗро▓роХ்роХை роЕроЯைрои்родро╡ுроЯрой் ро╡ேро▓ை рооுроЯிрои்родродு роОрой роЗро▓்ро▓ாрооро▓் родொроЯро░்рои்родு роЪெропро▓்рокроЯுроЩ்роХро│். роЗро▓роХ்роХை родிроХро░ிрод்родுроХ் роХாроЯ்роЯுроЩ்роХро│். рокிро▒ро░ுроХ்роХு роХроЯிройрооாрой ро╡ேро▓ைропாроХ роЗро░ுрои்родாро▓ுроо் роОрой்ройாро▓் роЕродройை роОро│ிродிро▓் роиிро▒ைро╡ேро▒்ро▒ிро╡ிроЯ рооுроЯிропுроо் роОрой்ро▒ роХро░்ро╡род்родுроЯройேропே роЪெропро▓்рокроЯுроЩ்роХро│். роЙроЩ்роХро│родு роиிро░்ро╡ாроХрод்родிро▒்роХுроо் роЕродройை роЙрогро░роЪ் роЪெроп்ропுроЩ்роХро│். роЗро╡ைропே роЙроЩ்роХро│ை роХроЯ்роЯாропроо் родро▓ைрооைрок் рокрог்рокை роЕроЯைропроЪ் роЪெроп்родிроЯுроо். 

роОродро▒்роХுроо் родропроЩ்роХாродீро░்роХро│்! 

роЗродு роЕро▓ுро╡ро▓роХроЩ்роХро│ிро▓் рокொродுро╡ாроХ роироЯроХ்роХுроо் роТрой்ро▒ுродாрой். роПродேройுроо் рокுродிродாроХ роЪெроп்родு родро╡ро▒ாроХிро╡ிроЯ்роЯாро▓் рооேро▓் роЕродிроХாро░ி родிроЯ்роЯுро╡ாро░், ро╡ேро▓ைроХ்роХு роХுрои்родроХроо் роПро▒்рокроЯ்роЯு ро╡ிроЯுроо் роОрой்ро▒ு рокропрои்родே рокுродிроп ро╡ேро▓ைропை роЪெроп்ропாрооро▓் роЗро░ுрок்рокோроо். роЕро╡்ро╡ாро▒ு роЗро▓்ро▓ாрооро▓் родைро░ிропрод்родுроЯрой் роЙроЩ்роХро│родு рокрогிропை роЕроЯுрод்род роХроЯ்роЯрод்родை роиோроХ்роХி роироХро░்род்родுроЩ்роХро│். роОроЯுрод்род рокுродிроп роХாро░ிропрод்родிро▓் ро╡ெро▒்ро▒ிропை роиிро▓ைроиாроЯ்роЯுроЩ்роХро│். роЗродு роЙроЩ்роХро│родு родро▓ைрооைрок் рокрог்рокை роЕродிроХро░ிроХ்роХுроо்.

роТро░ுроЩ்роХிрогைропுроЩ்роХро│்! 

роТро░ு роЕрогிропிрой் родро▓ைро╡ро░ாроХ рооுропро▒்роЪிрок்рокро╡ро░ிрой் родроХுродி родрой் ро╡ேро▓ைропை роороЯ்роЯுроо் роЪிро▒рок்рокாроХ рооுроЯிрок்рокродு роЗро▓்ро▓ை. родрой்ройைроЪ் роЪாро░்рои்родро╡ро░்роХро│ிрой் ро╡ேро▓ைропைропுроо் роЪிро▒рои்род рооுро▒ைропிро▓் рооுроЯிроХ்роХ роКроХ்роХுро╡ிрок்рокродே. роЪроХ gрогிропாро│ро░்роХро│ைропுроо் роЗро▓роХ்роХுроХро│ை роиோроХ்роХி роЙрои்родுроЩ்роХро│். роЙроЩ்роХро│родு роЕрогிропே роЪிро▒рои்род рогி роОрой рокிро▒ро░் рокோро▒்ро▒ுроо் ро╡роХைропிро▓் рооாро▒்ро▒ுроЩ்роХро│். роХொро░ோройா роОродிро░ொро▓ி: роРроЯி родுро▒ைропிро▓்… 

роОродிро░்рокாро░்рок்рокை роОро│ிродாроХ்роХுроЩ்роХро│்! 

роЙроЩ்роХро│родு роЙропро░் роЕродிроХாро░ி роЙроЩ்роХро│ிроЯроо் роОрой்рой роОродிро░்рокாро░்роХ்роХிро▒ாро░் роОрой рооுрой்роХூроЯ்роЯிропே роЙрогро░்рои்родு роХொро│்ро│ுроЩ்роХро│். роЕро╡ро░் роХூро▒ுроо் рооுрой்рокே роЕродройை рооுроЯிрод்родுроХ் роХாроЯ்роЯுроЩ்роХро│். роЗродு роЙроЩ்роХро│் рооீродாрой рокாро░்ро╡ைропை ро╡ро▓ுрок்рокெро▒роЪ் роЪெроп்ропுроо். родро▓ைро╡ро░ாроХ ро╡ро┤ிро╡роХுроХ்роХுроо்.